Prevention plays a key role in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Microbicides are topical products intended to prevent early viral transmission events at the vaginal and/or colorectal mucosae. Different products have been tested in multiple clinical trials, but their efficacy has been fairly modest. New formulation strategies have been proposed in order to solve this problem, including those based on nanotechnology. Our research group has been engaged in the development of nano-microbicides for the last decade, providing fundamental insights on the potential use of nanocarriers for enhancing the performance of promising microbicide drug candidates. This presentation will analyze our findings, namely on how different nanotechnology-based formulations can enhance local pharmacokinetics.